nkhani

Kwenikweni, momwe zimakhalira zama carbohydrate onse opangidwa ndi Fischer okhala ndi alkyl glycosides zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala mitundu iwiri yazinthu, zomwe ndi kaphatikizidwe kachindunji ndi transacetalization.Muzochitika zonsezi, zomwe zimachitika zimatha kupitilira mumagulu kapena mosalekeza.
Pakaphatikizidwe kachindunji, ma carbohydrate amakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mowa wamafuta kuti apange unyolo wautali wa alkyl polyglycoside.Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimawumitsidwa musanachite (mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa madzi akristalo ngati glucose monohydrate = dextrose).Kuyanika uku kumachepetsa zochitika zam'mbali zomwe zimachitika pamaso pa madzi.
Mwachindunji kaphatikizidwe, mtundu wokhazikika wa shuga wa monomer umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu cholimba.
Madzi a shuga otsika kwambiri (DE> 96; DE=Dextrose ofanana) amatha kuchitapo kanthu mosinthidwa mwachindunji.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chosungunulira chachiwiri ndi/kapena emulsifiers (mwachitsanzo alkyl polyglycoside) kumapereka kufalikira kokhazikika kwa madontho abwino pakati pa mowa ndi manyuchi a shuga.
Njira ziwiri za transacetalization zimafuna zida zambiri kuposa kaphatikizidwe kachindunji.Mugawo loyamba, ma carbohydrate amakhudzidwa ndi mowa waufupi (mwachitsanzo n-butanol kapena propylene glycol) ndikusankha-deploy-menzes.Mu gawo lachiwiri, alkyl glycoside yaifupi imasinthidwa ndi mowa wautali kuti apange alkyl polyglycoside yofunikira.Ngati chiŵerengero cha molar cha ma carbohydrate ndi mowa ndi chofanana, kugawa kwa oligomer komwe kumapezeka panthawi ya transacetalization kumakhala kofanana ndi komwe kumapezeka mwachindunji.
Ngati oligo-ndi polyglycoses (mwachitsanzo wowuma, masirupu okhala ndi mtengo wochepa wa DE) agwiritsidwa ntchito, njira ya transacetalization imayikidwa.Kuchepetsa kofunikira kwa zida zoyambirazi kumafuna kutentha kwa> 140 ℃.Zimatengera mowa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zizikhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kubweretsa mtengo wokwera mtengo.Mwambiri, pamlingo womwewo, kupanga njira ya transacetalization kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa kaphatikizidwe kachindunji.kuphatikiza pazigawo ziwiri zomwe zimachitikira, malo osungiramo owonjezera ayenera kuperekedwa, komanso malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amasankha mowa waufupi.Chifukwa cha zonyansa zapadera za wowuma (monga mapuloteni), alkyl glycosides ayenera kusinthidwa kapena kuyengedwa bwino.Mu njira yosavuta ya transacetalization, ma syrups okhala ndi shuga wambiri (DE> 96%) kapena mitundu yolimba ya shuga imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zokhala ndi unyolo wanthawi zonse, ndikupitilirabe njira zomwe zapangidwa motere.(Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa njira zonse ziwiri zopangira alkyl polyglycosides)
Chithunzi 3. Alkyl polyglycoside surfactants-industrial synthesis pathways


Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-29-2020