Njira za transglycosidation pogwiritsa ntchito D-glucose ngati zopangira.

Fischer glycosidation ndiyo njira yokhayo yopangira mankhwala yomwe yathandiza kuti pakhale njira zothetsera mavuto azachuma komanso mwaukadaulo pakupanga kwakukulu kwa ma alkyl polyglucosides. Zomera zopanga zokhala ndi mphamvu zopitilira 20,000 t/chaka zazindikirika kale ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwazinthu zamafakitale opangira ma surfactants ndi zida zogwira ntchito pamwamba pazida zongowonjezwdwa. D-Glucose ndi linear C8-C16 mafuta mowa zoledzeretsa zatsimikizira kukhala feedstocks amakonda. Ma eductswa amatha kusinthidwa kukhala alkyl polyglycosides yogwira ntchito ndi Fischer glycosylation mwachindunji kapena ndi ma transglycosides awiri a butyl polyglycoside pamaso pa chothandizira cha asidi, ndi madzi ngati mankhwala. Madzi ayenera kusungunulidwa kuchokera ku zomwe osakaniza kuti asinthe momwe zimakhalira zogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Mu njira ya glycosylation, ma inhomogeneity mu osakaniza momwe amachitira sayenera kupewedwa chifukwa angayambitse kupangika kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimatchedwa polydextrose, zomwe sizofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, njira zambiri zamaukadaulo zimayang'ana pa ma homogenous educts n-glucose ndi mowa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusokoneza chifukwa cha polarity zawo. Pakuchitapo kanthu, zomangira za glycosidic zimapangidwa pakati pa mowa wamafuta ndi n-glucose komanso pakati pa mayunitsi a n-glucose okha. Ma alkyl polyglucosides amapangidwa ngati zosakaniza za tizigawo tating'ono tambiri tosiyanasiyana ta mayunitsi a shuga m'malo otsalira a alkyl. Chilichonse mwa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono timeneti chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za isomeric, popeza mayunitsi a n-glucose amatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anomeriko ndi mawonekedwe a mphete molingana ndi mankhwala panthawi ya Fischer glycosidation komanso kulumikizana kwa glycosidic pakati pa mayunitsi a D-glucose kumachitika m'malo angapo olumikizana. . Chiyerekezo cha anomer cha mayunitsi a D-glucose ndi pafupifupi α/β＝ 2: 1 ndipo chikuwoneka chovuta kutengera malinga ndi momwe Fischer kaphatikizidwe. Pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa ndi thermodynamically, mayunitsi a n-glucose omwe ali muzosakaniza zazinthu amakhalapo makamaka mu mawonekedwe a pyranosides. Avereji ya mayunitsi wamba wa glucose pa zotsalira za alkyl, zomwe zimatchedwa digiri ya polymerization, kwenikweni ndi ntchito ya chiŵerengero cha molar cha ma educts panthawi yopanga. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, ma alkyl polyglycosides okhala ndi ma polymerization pakati pa 1 ndi 3 amakondedwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake pafupifupi 3-10 timadontho ta mowa wamafuta ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mole ya shuga wabwinobwino mwanjira iyi.

Mlingo wa polymerization amachepetsa pa kuwonjezeka owonjezera mafuta mowa. Mowa wochuluka wamafuta amasiyanitsidwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma multistep vacuum distillation ndi ma evaporator amafilimu ogwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusakhale kochepa. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kokwanira komanso nthawi yolumikizana ndi malo otentha motalika kokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti mowa wamafuta umakhala wokwanira komanso kutuluka kwa alkyl polyglucoside kusungunuka, popanda kuchitika kwa kuwonongeka kulikonse. Masitepe angapo a mpweya amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuti alekanitse tizigawo tambiri tomwe timatentha pang'ono, kenako kuchuluka kwa mowa wamafuta ambiri, kenako mowa wamafuta otsalawo mpaka alkyl polyglucoside atasungunuka ndikupezeka ngati zotsalira zosungunuka m'madzi.

Ngakhale kaphatikizidwe ndi nthunzi wa mowa wonyezimira ukachitika mofatsa kwambiri, kusinthika kwa bulauni kosafunikira kumachitika, kuyitanitsa njira zoyeretsera kuti ziyeretse mankhwalawo. Njira imodzi yoyeretsera buluu yomwe yakhala yabwino ndikuwonjezera ma okosijeni monga hydrogen peroxide kuti akonze amadzimadzi a alkyl polyglucosides mu sing'anga yamchere pamaso pa ayoni a magnesium.

Kufufuza kosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira, kukonza, ndi kuyenga zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale lero palibe njira zopezera "turnkey" njira zopezera magiredi enieni. M'malo mwake, njira zonse zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kukonzedwa, kusinthidwa, ndi kukhathamiritsa. Mutuwu wapereka malingaliro ndikufotokozera njira zina zomwe zingatheke zopangira njira zothetsera luso, komanso kufotokoza momwe mankhwala ndi thupi zimakhalira pochita zochitika, kulekanitsa, ndi kuyeretsa.

Njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu - transglycosidation ya homogeneous, slurry process, ndi njira ya glucose feed - zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Pa transglycosidation, ndende ya wapakatikati butyl polyglucoside, amene amachita monga solubilizer kwa educts D-shuga ndi butanol, ayenera kusungidwa pafupifupi 15% mu anachita osakaniza kuti kupewa inhomogeneities. Pachifukwa chomwechi, kuchuluka kwa madzi muzomwe zimapangidwira kusakaniza kwa Fischer mwachindunji kwa alkyl polyglucosides ziyenera kusungidwa zosakwana 1%. M'madzi okwera kwambiri pamakhala chiopsezo chosintha shuga wa D-crystal yoyimitsidwa kukhala wocheperako, zomwe zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka koyipa ndi polymerization. Kukondoweza kogwira mtima ndi homogenization kumalimbikitsa kugawa bwino komanso kusinthika kwa crystalline D-glucose muzosakaniza zomwe zimapangidwira.

Zinthu zonse zaukadaulo ndi zachuma ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha njira yopangira kaphatikizidwe ndi mitundu yake yapamwamba kwambiri. Ma homogeneous transglycosidation potengera D-glucose syrups amawoneka abwino makamaka kuti apangidwe mosalekeza pamlingo waukulu. Amalola kusungirako kosatha pa crystallization ya zopangira D-shuga mu unyolo wowonjezera mtengo, womwe umalipira ndalama zambiri zanthawi imodzi mu gawo la transglycosidation ndikuchira kwa butanol. Kugwiritsa ntchito n-butanol kulibe zovuta zina, chifukwa zitha kubwezeredwanso kwathunthu kotero kuti zotsalira zotsalira pazogulitsa zomwe zabwezedwa zimakhala zochepa chabe pa miliyoni, zomwe zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizosatsutsa. Direct Fischer glycosidation molingana ndi njira ya slurry kapena njira ya glucose feed imachokera ku transglycosidation sitepe ndi kuchira kwa butanol. Zitha kuchitikanso mosalekeza ndipo zimafuna kuti ndalama zichepetse pang'ono.

Kupezeka kwamtsogolo ndi mitengo ya zinthu zakale ndi zopangira zongowonjezwdwa, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma alkyl polyglucosides, zitha kuyembekezeka kukhala ndi chiwongolero chakukula kwa msika wamsika ndi kuthekera kopanga. Mayankho aukadaulo omwe alipo kale popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma alkyl polyglucosides atha kupereka mpikisano wofunikira pamsika wamagetsi kumakampani omwe apanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kale njira zotere. Izi zimakhala choncho makamaka ngati kukwera mtengo kwamafuta osakanizidwa ndi phala lotsika. Popeza ndalama zokhazikika zopangira zinthu zili pamwambo wa anthu opanga mafakitale ochulukirachulukira, ngakhale kuchepetsedwa pang'ono kwa mtengo wazinthu zachilengedwe kungapangitse kuti m'malo mwa zinthu zopangira ma surfactants ndipo kukhoza kulimbikitsa kuyika kwa mbewu zatsopano za alkyl polyglucosides.