Makhalidwe a Alkyl Polyglucosides

Zofanana ndi polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,alkyl polyglycosidesnthawi zambiri amakhala akatswiri surfactants. Amapangidwa kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaphatikizidwe ka Fischer ndipo amakhala ndi kugawidwa kwa mitundu yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a glycosidation omwe amawonetsedwa ndi tanthauzo la n-mtengo. Izi zimatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa shuga wa molar ku kuchuluka kwa mowa wamafuta mu alkyl polyglucoside, potengera kulemera kwa mamolekyulu akamaphatikizana ndi mowa wamafuta. Monga tanenera kale ma alkyl polyglucosides ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ali ndi tanthauzo la n-mtengo wa 1.1-1.7. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi alkyl monoglucosides ndi alkyl diglucosides monga zigawo zazikulu, komanso zocheperako za alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, ndi zina zambiri mpaka alkyl octaglucosides kupatula oligomers, zocheperako (nthawi zambiri 1-2%) za mowa wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaphatikizidwe ka polyglucose, ndi mchere, makamaka chifukwa cha catalysis (1.5-2.5%), amakhalapo nthawi zonse. Ziwerengerozo zimawerengedwa molingana ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito. Pomwe ma polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers kapena ma ethoxylates ena ambiri angatanthauzidwe momveka bwino pogawa masikelo a molekyulu, kulongosola kofananira sikukwanira kwa ma alkyl polyglucosides chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya isomerism imapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zovuta. Kusiyanasiyana kwa magulu awiri a surfactant kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosiyana kwambiri zomwe zimachokera ku kugwirizana kwamphamvu kwa magulu akuluakulu ndi madzi komanso mbali ina ndi mzake.

Gulu la ethoxylate la polyoxyethylene alkyl ether limagwirizana kwambiri ndi madzi, kupanga zomangira za haidrojeni pakati pa okosijeni wa ethylene ndi mamolekyu amadzi, motero amamanga zipolopolo za micellar hydration pomwe mapangidwe amadzi ndi aakulu (otsika entropy ndi enthalpy) kusiyana ndi madzi ambiri. Mapangidwe a hydration ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri pakati pa mamolekyu awiri ndi atatu amadzi amagwirizanitsidwa ndi gulu lililonse la EO.

Poganizira magulu amutu a glucosyl okhala ndi ntchito zitatu za OH za monoglucoside kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri za diglucoside, khalidwe la alkyl glucoside likuyembekezeka kukhala losiyana kwambiri ndi la polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers. Kupatula kuyanjana kwamphamvu ndi madzi, palinso mphamvu pakati pa magulu apamwamba a surfactant mu micelles komanso magawo ena. Pomwe ma polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers okha ndi zakumwa kapena zolimba zotsika zosungunuka, ma alkyl polyglucosides ndi zolimba zosungunuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa ma haidrojeni pakati pa magulu oyandikana nawo a glucosyl. Amawonetsa mawonekedwe apadera a thermotropic liquid crystalline, monga momwe tafotokozera pansipa. Ma intermolecular hydrogen bond pakati pa magulu akuluakulu amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yosungunuka m'madzi.

Ponena za shuga wokha, kuyanjana kwa gulu la glucosyl ndi mamolekyu amadzi ozungulira kumachitika chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa haidrojeni. Kwa shuga, kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu amadzi opangidwa ndi tetrahedally ndikwambiri kuposa m'madzi okha. Chifukwa chake, glucose, ndipo mwinanso alkyl glucosides, amatha kutchulidwa ngati "opanga mapangidwe," khalidwe lofanana ndi la ethoxylates.

Poyerekeza ndi khalidwe la ethoxylate micelle, mphamvu ya interfacial dielectric constant ya alkyl glucoside ndiyokwera kwambiri komanso yofanana ndi yamadzi kuposa ya ethoxylate. Chifukwa chake, dera lozungulira magulu amutu pa alkyl glucoside micelle limakhala ngati lamadzi.