NJIRA ZOPANGITSA ALKYL GLUCOSIDE

Fischer glycosidation ndiyo njira yokhayo yopangira mankhwala yomwe yathandiza kuti pakhale njira zothetsera mavuto azachuma komanso mwaukadaulo pakupanga kwakukulu kwa ma alkyl polyglucosides. Zomera zopanga zokhala ndi mphamvu zopitilira 20,000 t/chaka zazindikirika kale ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwazinthu zamafakitale opangira ma surfactants ndi zida zogwira ntchito pamwamba pazida zongowonjezwdwa. D-Glucose ndi linear C8-C16 mafuta mowa zoledzeretsa zatsimikizira kukhala feedstocks amakonda. Ma eductswa amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma alkyl polyglucosides omwe amagwira ntchito pamtunda pogwiritsa ntchito Fischer glycosidation kapena masitepe awiri transglycosidation kudzera pa butyl polyglucoside pamaso pa zopangira asidi, ndi madzi ngati mankhwala. Madziwo ayenera kusungunuka kuchokera ku zomwe zimasakanikirana kuti asunthire momwe zimakhalira zogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Pa glycosidation ndondomeko, inhomogeneities mu anachita osakaniza ayenera kupewedwa, chifukwa kumabweretsa kwambiri mapangidwe otchedwa polyglucosides, amene kwambiri osafunika. Chifukwa chake njira zambiri zamaukadaulo zimayang'ana pakupanga ma homogenizing ma educts n-glucose ndi ma alcohols, omwe sagwirizana bwino chifukwa cha kusiyana kwawo. Pakuchitapo kanthu, zomangira za glycosidic zimapangidwa pakati pa mowa wamafuta ndi n-glucose komanso pakati pa mayunitsi a n-glucose okha. Ma alkyl polyglucosides amapangidwa ngati zosakaniza za tizigawo tating'ono tambiri tosiyanasiyana ta mayunitsi a shuga m'malo otsalira a alkyl. Chilichonse mwa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono timeneti chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za isomeric, popeza mayunitsi a n-glucose amatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anomeriko ndi mawonekedwe a mphete molingana ndi mankhwala panthawi ya Fischer glycosidation komanso kulumikizana kwa glycosidic pakati pa mayunitsi a D-glucose kumachitika m'malo angapo olumikizana. . Chiyerekezo cha anomer cha mayunitsi a D-glucose ndi pafupifupi α/β＝ 2: 1 ndipo chikuwoneka chovuta kutengera malinga ndi momwe Fischer kaphatikizidwe. Pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa ndi thermodynamically, mayunitsi a n-glucose omwe ali muzosakaniza zazinthu amakhalapo makamaka mu mawonekedwe a pyranosides. Chiwerengero cha mayunitsi a n-glucose pa zotsalira za alkyl, zomwe zimatchedwa digiri ya polymerization, kwenikweni ndi ntchito ya chiŵerengero cha molar cha ma educts pakupanga. Chifukwa cha kutchulidwa kwawo koyenera [1], kukonda kwapadera kumaperekedwa kwa alkyl polyglucosides okhala ndi madigiri a polymerization pakati pa 1 ndi 3, pomwe pafupifupi 3-10 mol mafuta mowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mole ya n-glucose.

Mlingo wa polymerization amachepetsa pamene owonjezera mafuta mowa ukuwonjezeka. Mafuta ochulukirapo oledzeretsa amasiyanitsidwa ndikubwezeredwa ndi njira yamitundu yambiri ya vacuum distillation ndi ma evaporator akugwa afilimu, kuti kupsinjika kwamatenthedwe kusakhale kochepa. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kokwanira ndipo nthawi yolumikizana ndi malo otentha ingotalika kokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti mowa wamafuta ochulukirapo komanso kutuluka kwa alkyl polyglucoside kusungunuka popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Masitepe angapo a evaporation atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru kulekanitsa kachigawo kakang'ono kotentha, kenako kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mowa wamafuta, ndipo pamapeto pake mowa wotsala wamafuta, mpaka alkyl polyglycoside imasungunuka ngati zotsalira zosungunuka ndi madzi.

Ngakhale pansi pamikhalidwe yofatsa kwambiri ya kaphatikizidwe ndi nthunzi wamafuta oledzeretsa, kusinthika kwa bulauni kosafunikira kudzachitika, ndipo njira zoyeretsera zimafunikira kuyeretsa mankhwalawo. Njira imodzi yoyeretsera buluu yomwe yatsimikizirika kuti ndi yoyenera ndikuwonjezera oxidizing, monga hydrogen peroxide, ku mapangidwe amadzimadzi a alkyl polyglycoside mu alkaline sing'anga pamaso pa ayoni a magnesium.

Maphunziro angapo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira, kukonzanso ndi kuyenga kumatsimikizira kuti ngakhale lero, palibe yankho la "turnkey" lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti mupeze kalasi inayake yamankhwala. M'malo mwake, njira zonse zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kupangidwa. Dongfu imapereka malingaliro pakupanga kwayankho ndi mayankho aukadaulo, ndikufotokozera momwe zinthu zimachitikira, kulekanitsa ndi kuyenga.

Njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu - transglycosidation ya homogeneous, slurry process, ndi njira ya glucose feed - zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Pa transglycosidation, ndende ya wapakatikati butyl polyglucoside, amene amachita monga solubilizer kwa educts D-shuga ndi butanol, ayenera kusungidwa pafupifupi 15% mu anachita osakaniza kuti kupewa inhomogeneities. Pachifukwa chomwechi, kuchuluka kwa madzi muzomwe zimapangidwira kusakaniza kwa Fischer mwachindunji kwa alkyl polyglucosides ziyenera kusungidwa zosakwana 1%. M'madzi okwera kwambiri pamakhala chiopsezo chosintha shuga wa D-crystal yoyimitsidwa kukhala wocheperako, zomwe zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka koyipa ndi polymerization. Kukondoweza kogwira mtima ndi homogenization kumalimbikitsa kugawa bwino komanso kusinthika kwa crystalline D-glucose muzosakaniza zomwe zimapangidwira.

Zinthu zonse zaukadaulo ndi zachuma ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha njira yopangira kaphatikizidwe ndi mitundu yake yapamwamba kwambiri. Ma homogeneous transglycosidation potengera D-glucose syrups amawoneka abwino makamaka kuti apangidwe mosalekeza pamlingo waukulu. Amalola kusungirako kosatha pa crystallization ya zopangira D-shuga mu unyolo wowonjezera mtengo, womwe umalipira ndalama zambiri zanthawi imodzi mu gawo la transglycosidation ndikuchira kwa butanol. Kugwiritsa ntchito n-butanol kulibe zovuta zina, chifukwa zitha kubwezeredwanso kwathunthu kotero kuti zotsalira zotsalira pazogulitsa zomwe zabwezedwa zimakhala zochepa chabe pa miliyoni, zomwe zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizosatsutsa. Direct Fischer glycosidation molingana ndi njira ya slurry kapena njira ya glucose feed imachokera ku transglycosidation sitepe ndi kuchira kwa butanol. Zitha kuchitikanso mosalekeza ndipo zimafuna kuti ndalama zichepetse pang'ono.

M'tsogolomu, kupezeka ndi mtengo wa zinthu zakale ndi zongowonjezwdwa, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pakupanga ma alkyl polysaccharides, kudzakhudza kwambiri msika wamsika komanso kuthekera kopanga chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Base polysaccharide ili kale ndi mayankho akeake omwe angapereke mwayi wopikisana nawo pamsika wamankhwala apamwamba kwamakampani omwe akupanga kapena kutengera njira zotere. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pamene mitengo ndi yokwera komanso yotsika. Mtengo wopangira wopanga wakwera mpaka pamlingo wanthawi zonse, ngakhale mtengo wazinthu zakumaloko utatsika pang'ono, zitha kukonza zolowa m'malo mwa opangira ma surfactants ndipo zitha kulimbikitsa kuyika kwa mbewu zatsopano za alkyl polysaccharide.