Pali njira zingapo zopangira ma alkyl polyglycosides kapena alkyl polyglucosides. Njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zimachokera ku njira zopangira stereotactic pogwiritsa ntchito magulu oteteza (kupanga mankhwala kukhala osankhidwa kwambiri) kupita kunjira zosasankha (kusakaniza ma isomers ndi oligomers).
Njira iliyonse yopangira yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani iyenera kukwaniritsa njira zingapo. Ndikofunika kwambiri kupanga zinthu zomwe zili ndi katundu woyenera komanso njira zachuma. Palinso mbali zina, monga kuchepetsa zotsatirapo kapena zinyalala ndi utsi. Ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito uyenera kukhala wosinthika kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe ake azitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe msika ukufunikira.
Popanga mafakitale a alkyl polyglycosides, njira yochokera ku Fischer synthesis yakhala yopambana. Kukula kwawo kudayamba pafupifupi 20years zapitazo ndipo kwakula kwambiri pazaka khumi zapitazi. Chitukuko panthawiyi chinalola njira yophatikizira kuti ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yowoneka bwino pamafakitale. Kukhathamiritsa kumagwira ntchito, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa zazitali monga dodecanol/tetradecanol
(C12-14 -OH), zasintha kwambiri khalidwe lazogulitsa ndi ndondomeko zachuma. Chomera chamakono chopanga pa Fischer Synthesis ndi chithunzithunzi cha zinyalala zochepa, ukadaulo wotulutsa ziro. Ubwino wina wa kaphatikizidwe ka Fischer ndikuti kuchuluka kwa ma polymerization azinthu kumatha kuwongoleredwa mosiyanasiyana. Choncho, katundu wokhudzana, monga hydrophilicity / madzi-solubility, akhoza kusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, maziko azinthu sizimakhudzidwanso ndi glucose wa anhydrous.
1. Zopangira zopangira ma alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 Mafuta a Mowa
Zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimatha kupezeka kuchokera kumafuta a petrochemical feedstocks (zamafuta opangira mafuta) kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, zongowonjezedwanso monga mafuta ndi mafuta (zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamafuta achilengedwe). Mafuta osakaniza mowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga alkyl glycosides kuti akhazikitse gawo la hydrophobic la molekyulu. Mafuta achilengedwe achilengedwe adapezedwa ndi transesteration ndi kulekanitsa mafuta ndi mafuta (triglyceride) kuti apange mafuta acid methyl ester, ndi hydrogenated. Malingana ndi kutalika kwa unyolo wa alkyl wonyezimira wamafuta ofunikira, zosakaniza zazikulu ndi mafuta ndi mafuta: kokonati kapena kanjedza mafuta amtundu wa C12-14, ndi tallow, kanjedza kapena rapeseed mafuta a C16-18 mafuta oledzeretsa.
1.2 Magwero a Carbohydrate
Gawo la hydrophilic la molekyulu ya alkyl polyglycoside limachokera ku chakudya.
Macromolecular chakudya ndi monomer chakudya zochokera wowuma wa
chimanga, tirigu kapena mbatata ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo pokonza alkyl glycosides. Mwachitsanzo, ma polymer carbohydrates amaphatikizanso kuchepa kwa wowuma kapena syrup ya glucose, pomwe ma monomer carbohydrates amatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa shuga, monga shuga wopanda madzi, shuga wa monohydrate, kapena manyuchi a shuga.
Kusankha kwazinthu zopangira sikungokhudza ndalama zopangira, komanso ndalama zopangira.
Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wazinthu zopangira umakwera mu dongosolo la wowuma/glucose manyuchi/glucose monohydrate/shuga wopanda madzi pomwe zofunikira pazida zopangira mbewu zimatsika motere. (Chithunzi 1)