Zofunikira pakupanga chomera chopanga alkyl glycoside potengera kaphatikizidwe ka Fisher zimadalira kwambiri mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutalika kwa mowa womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. . Ma Alkyl polyglycosides omwe, kwa DP yopatsidwa, samasungunuka m'madzi chifukwa cha mowa womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (chiwerengero cha ma atomu a C mu alkyl chian≥16) amachitidwa mosiyana.
Pansi pa kaphatikizidwe ka alkyl polyglucoside catalyzed ndi asidi, zinthu zachiwiri monga polyglucose ether ndi zonyansa zamitundu zimapangidwira. , monga kutentha, kupanikizika, nthawi yochitira, chothandizira, etc.Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amathetsedwa ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale alkyl polyglycosides kupanga m'zaka zaposachedwa ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe azinthu zachiwiri zokhudzana ndi kaphatikizidwe.
Kawirikawiri, mowa waufupi (C8 / 10-OH) ndi DP yochepa (kuchuluka kwa mowa wambiri) alkyl glycosides ali ndi zovuta zochepa zopanga. Mu gawo la zomwe zimachitika, ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa wambiri, kupanga zinthu zachiwiri kumachepa. Amachepetsa kupsinjika kwamafuta ndikuchotsa mowa wambiri panthawi yopanga zinthu za pyrolysis.
Fisher glycosidation ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati njira yomwe shuga amachitira mofulumira mu sitepe yoyamba ndipo oligomer equilibrium imapezeka.Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa alkyl glycosides.Kuwonongeka kwa ndondomeko kumaphatikizapo njira monga dealkylation ndi polymerization, zomwe, pa kuchuluka woipa, irreversibly amapanga thermodynamically khola polyglucose. Thermodynamically osakaniza opitirira mulingo woyenera anachita nthawi amatchedwa overreaction.
Kutayika kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito za alkyl glucoside mu zomwe zimasakanikirana zimakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi mapangidwe a polyglucose. Pankhani ya kuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimasakanikirana pang'onopang'ono zimakhala polyphase kachiwiri chifukwa cha mpweya wa polyglucose.Choncho, khalidwe la mankhwala ndi zokolola zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nthawi ya kutha kwa zomwe zimachitika. kutsika kokwanira, kulola kuti zigawo zina za polar (polyglucose) ndi ma carbohydrate otsala asefedwe kuchokera muzosakaniza zomwe sizinachitepo kanthu.
Mu ndondomeko wokometsedwa, ndi etherification mankhwala ndende ndi otsika (malingana ndi mmene kutentha, nthawi, mtundu wa chothandizira ndi ndende, etc.).
Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa momwe amachitira mwachindunji dextrose ndi mowa wamafuta (C12/14-OH).

Kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa magawo omwe amachitira zimagwirizana kwambiri wina ndi mzake mu fischer glycation reaction.Kuti apange alkyl polyglycosides ndi mankhwala otsika achiwiri, kuthamanga ndi kutentha kuyenera kusinthidwa kwa wina ndi mzake ndikuwongolera mosamalitsa.
Alkyl polyglycosides otsika mu zinthu sekondale chifukwa otsika anachita kutentha (＜100℃) mu acetalization. Komabe, kutentha kochepa kumabweretsa nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu (malingana ndi unyolo wa mowa) komanso mphamvu zochepa za riyakitala. Kutentha kwambiri (＞100 ℃, 110-120 ℃) ​​kungayambitse kusintha kwa mtundu wa chakudya. Pochotsa zinthu zomwe zimawotcha zotsika (madzi mu kaphatikizidwe kachindunji, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zazifupi munjira ya transacetalization) kuchokera pazosakaniza zomwe zimachitikira, ma acetalization equilibrium amasunthidwa kumbali yazinthu. Ngati madzi ochuluka apangidwa pa nthawi imodzi, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, payenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti madziwa achotsedwe bwino kuchokera muzosakaniza. Izi zimachepetsa zochitika zachiwiri (makamaka mapangidwe a polydextrose) omwe amachitika pamaso pa madzi. Kuthekera kwa evaporation kwa siteji sikutengera kukakamizidwa kokha, komanso malo omwe amawukira, etc. Zovuta zomwe zimachitika mu transacetalization ndi mitundu yachindunji ya kaphatikizidwe ili pakati pa 20 ndi 100mbar.
Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chokonzekera ndi chitukuko cha zopangira zosankhidwa mu ndondomeko ya glycosidation, motero zimalepheretsa, mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a polyglucose ndi etherification.Monga tafotokozera kale, acetal kapena reverse acetal mu Fischer synthesis imayendetsedwa ndi acids. ndi yoyenera pazifukwa izi, monga sulfuric acid, p-toluene ndi alkyl benzenesulfonic acid ndi sulfonic succinic acid. Zomwe zimayendera zimadalira acidity ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi mu mowa. mwachitsanzo, kupangika kwa polyglucose) kumachitika makamaka mu gawo la polar (kufufuza madzi) la zomwe zimasakanikirana, ndipo maunyolo a alkyl omwe amatha kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma hydrophobic acid (mwachitsanzo, alkyl benzenesulfonic acid) amasungunuka makamaka mu gawo lochepa la polar. anachita osakaniza.
Zitachitika, chothandizira asidi ndi neutralized ndi maziko oyenera, monga sodium hydroxide ndi magnesium oxide.The neutralized anachita osakaniza ndi wotumbululuka chikasu njira munali 50 mpaka 80 peresenti mafuta alcohols. Kuchuluka kwa mowa wamafuta kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma carbohydrate ndi mowa wamafuta. Chiŵerengerochi chimasinthidwa kuti chipeze DP yeniyeni ya mafakitale alkyl polyglycosides, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 1: 2 ndi 1: 6.
Mowa wochuluka wamafuta amachotsedwa ndi vacuum distillation. Zofunikira zamalire ndi izi:
– yotsalira mafuta mowa zili mankhwala ayenera kukhala<1% chifukwa zina
kusungunuka kwanzeru ndi fungo zimakhudzidwa.
- Kuchepetsa kupangika kwa zinthu zosafunikira za pyrolysis kapena zinthu zosintha mtundu, kupsinjika kwamafuta ndi nthawi yokhala pachomwe chaperekedwa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe kungathekere kutengera kutalika kwa mowa.
- Palibe monoglycoside yomwe iyenera kulowa mu distillate chifukwa distillate imasinthidwanso ngati mowa wopanda mafuta.
Pankhani ya dodecanol/tetradecanol, zofunikirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamafuta, zomwe zimakhala zokhutiritsa kwambiri kudzera mu ditillation yambiri. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pamene zomwe zili mumafuta oledzeretsa zimachepa, kukhuthala kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Izi mwachiwonekere zimawononga kutentha ndi kusuntha kwakukulu mu gawo lomaliza la distillation.
Chifukwa chake, ma evaporator ocheperako kapena afupiafupi amakonda. Mu ma evaporators awa, filimu yosuntha imaperekedwa pamakina apamwamba kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya komanso nthawi yayifupi yokhala ndi zinthu, komanso vacuum yabwino. Chomaliza pambuyo pa distillation ndi pafupifupi alkyl polyglycoside yoyera, yomwe imadziunjikira ngati yolimba yokhala ndi malo osungunuka a 70 ℃ mpaka 150 ℃. Njira zazikuluzikulu za kaphatikizidwe ka alkyl zikufotokozedwa mwachidule monga Chithunzi 5.

Kutengera ndi njira zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mowa umodzi kapena awiri umayenda umayenda pakupanga alkyl polyglycoside; zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamafuta ambiri, pomwe zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Mowawu utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito potsatira. Kufunika koyeretsedwa kapena kuchuluka kwa njira zoyeretsera zimadalira zonyansa zomwe zimapezeka mu mowa. Izi makamaka zimatengera mtundu wa masitepe am'mbuyomo (mwachitsanzo, kuchita, kuchotsa mowa).
Pambuyo pochotsa mowa wamafuta, chinthu chogwira ntchito cha alkyl polyglycoside chimasungunuka m'madzi kotero kuti phala la 50 mpaka 70% la alkyl polyglycoside limapangidwa. M'masitepe otsatirawa, phalali limapangidwa kuti likhale labwino kwambiri malinga ndi zofunikira zokhudzana ndi ntchito. Njira zoyenga izi zitha kukhala kuyera kwa chinthucho, kusintha kwa zinthu, monga mtengo wa Ph ndi zomwe zili mkati, komanso kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono. M'mabuku a patent, pali zitsanzo zambiri za reductive and oxidative bleaching and two stage process of oxidative bleaching and reductive stabilization. Khama ndi chifukwa chake mtengo womwe umakhudzidwa ndi masitepewa kuti mupeze zinthu zina zabwino, monga mtundu, zimadalira zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, pazida zoyambira, DP yofunikira komanso mtundu wamayendedwe.
Chithunzi 6 chikuwonetsa momwe mafakitale amapangira ma alkyl polyglycosides azitali zazitali (C12/14 APG) kudzera mu kaphatikizidwe mwachindunji)