KUYAMBIRA KWA ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDE

Ma alkyl glucosides amakhala ndi zotsalira za hydrophobic alkyl zomwe zimachokera ku mowa wamafuta ndi hydrophilic saccharide yochokera ku D-glucose, yomwe imalumikizidwa kudzera mu mgwirizano wa glycosidic. Ma alkyl glucosides amawonetsa zotsalira za alkyl zokhala ndi maatomu pafupifupi C6-C18, monganso ma surfactants ambiri ochokera m'magulu ena azinthu, mwachitsanzo ma alkyl polyglycol ether odziwika bwino. Chodziwika bwino ndi gulu la hydrophilic, lomwe limapangidwa ndi saccharide yokhala ndi mayunitsi amodzi kapena angapo olumikizana ndi D-glucose. Mkati mwa organic chemistry, mayunitsi a D-glucose amachokera ku chakudya, chomwe chimapezeka m'chilengedwe chonse monga shuga kapena oligo ndi polysaccharides. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mayunitsi a D-glucose ndi chisankho chodziwikiratu kwa gulu la hydrophilic of surfactants, popeza ma carbohydrate ndi osatha, zongowonjezedwanso. Ma Alkyl glucosides amatha kuyimiridwa m'njira yosavuta komanso yodziwika bwino ndi mawonekedwe awo amphamvu.

Mapangidwe a mayunitsi a D-glucose amawonetsa maatomu 6 a kaboni. Chiwerengero cha mayunitsi a D-glucose mu alkyl polyglucosides ndi n=1 mu alkyl monoglucosides, n=2 mu alkyl diglucosides, n=3 mu alkyl triglucosides, ndi zina zotero. M'mabuku, zosakaniza za alkyl glucosides zokhala ndi mayunitsi osiyanasiyana a D-glucose nthawi zambiri amatchedwa alkyl oligoglucosides kapena alkyl polyglucosides. Ngakhale kuti mawu oti "alkyl oligoglucoside" ndi olondola kwambiri pankhaniyi, mawu oti "alkyl polyglucoside" nthawi zambiri amakhala osokeretsa, chifukwa ma alkyl polyglucosides omwe amakhala ndi ma alkyl polyglucosides samakhala ndi mayunitsi opitilira ma D-glucose asanu motero sakhala ma polima. M'mapangidwe a alkyl polyglucosides, n amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi a D-shuga, mwachitsanzo, digiri ya polymerization n yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 1 ndi 5. Kutalika kwa unyolo wa zotsalira za hydrophobic alkyl nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa X=6 ndi X= 8 ma atomu a carbon.

Momwe ma surfactant alkyl glucosides amapangidwira, makamaka kusankha kwazinthu zopangira, kumathandizira kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu zomaliza, zomwe zitha kukhala ma alkyl glucosides oyera kapena osakaniza alkyl glucoside. M'mbuyomu, malamulo ochiritsira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya zama carbohydrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu awa. Zosakaniza za alkyl glucoside zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ngati zida zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimapatsidwa mayina ang'onoang'ono monga "alkyl polyglucosides," kapena "APGs." Mafotokozedwe amaperekedwa m'malemba ngati kuli kofunikira.

Fomula yoyeserera siwulula zovuta za stereochemistry ndi polyfunctionality ya alkyl glucosides. Zotsalira za alkyl zazitali zimatha kukhala ndi zigoba za kaboni zozungulira kapena zanthambi, ngakhale zotsalira za alkyl nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa. Kunena zamakemikolo, mayunitsi onse a D-glucose ndi ma polyhydroxyacetals, omwe nthawi zambiri amasiyana m'magulu awo a mphete (ochokera ku furan ya mamembala asanu kapena mphete za pirani za mamembala asanu ndi limodzi) komanso mawonekedwe a anomeric a mawonekedwe a acetal. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zosankha zingapo zamtundu wa zomangira za glycosidic pakati pa mayunitsi a D-glucose a alkyl oligosaccharides. Makamaka m'masaccharide otsalira a alkyl polyglucosides, kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri, zovuta zamagulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu izi zikhale zovuta kwambiri.