2.3 Olefin sulfonate
Sodium olefin sulfonate ndi mtundu wa sulfonate surfactant wokonzedwa ndi sulfonating olefins monga zopangira ndi sulfure trioxide. Malingana ndi udindo wa mgwirizano wapawiri, ukhoza kugawidwa mu-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) ndi Sodium mkati olefin sulfonate (IOS).
2.3.1 a-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS)
AOS ndi gulu la sulfonate surfactants omwe amachokera ku a-olefins (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri C14~C18 olefins) kudzera mu sulfnation, neutralization ndi hydrolysis. AOS ndi mtundu wina wa surfactant wamkulu wopangidwa pambuyo pa LAS ndi AES. AOS kwenikweni osakaniza sodium alkenyl sulfonate (60% ~ 70%), sodium hydroxyalkyl sulfonate (30%) ndi sodium disulfonate (0~10%). Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amabwera m'njira ziwiri: 35% yamadzimadzi ndi 92% ya ufa.
High carbon chain AOS(C2024AOS) ili ndi luso lothawirako bwino pakusefukira kwa thovu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi chiyembekezo chabwino chogwiritsa ntchito.
2.3.2 Sodium mkati olefin sulfonate (IOS)
Internal olefin sulfonate (yotchedwa IOS) ndi mtundu wa sulfonate surfactant wotengedwa kuchokera mkati olefin kudzera sulfonation, neutralization ndi hydrolysis. Chiŵerengero cha sodium hydroxy sulfonate ndi sodium alkenyl sulfonate mu mankhwala IOS zimadalira kapena ukalamba kumachitika pambuyo sulfonation: ngati olefin mkati mwachindunji neutralized pambuyo sulfonation popanda ukalamba, mankhwala lili za 90% hydroxy sulfonic asidi Sodium ndi 10% sodium alkenil. sulfonate; ngati olefin mkati ndi neutralized pambuyo sulfonation ndi ukalamba, zili sodium hydroxysulfonate mu mankhwala adzachepa, zili sodium alkenyl sulfonate adzawonjezeka, ndi mafuta aulere ndi mchere mchere Zomwe zilinso limatuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la sulfonic acid la IOS lili pakatikati pa unyolo wa kaboni, ndikupanga mkati mwa olefin sulfonate yokhala ndi "double hydrophobic tail chain". Zogulitsa za IOS ndi zakuda kuposa AOS ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale ena.
2.4 Sodium mafuta acid methyl ester sulfonate
Sodium fatty acid methyl sulfonate (MES) nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu wa surfactant wopezedwa kuchokera ku C16 ~ 18 fatty acid methyl ester kudzera mu SO3 sulfonation, ukalamba, re-esterification bleaching, ndi neutralization. Kusiyana kwaukadaulo wopanga kumakhala makamaka pakuyeretsa ndi esterification. Kapangidwe kake kachitidwe ka mankhwala kungayambitsidwe ndi kuthirira kwa asidi, kuthirira kosalowerera ndale komanso ukadaulo wachiwiri wothira madzi. MES ili ndi kuthekera kwabwino kowononga, mphamvu yobalalitsira sopo wa calcium ndi yamphamvu, ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyiwononga.