ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl monoglucosides ali ndi gawo limodzi la D-glucose. Mapangidwe a mphete amafanana ndi mayunitsi a D-glucose. Mphete zonse zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimaphatikizapo atomu imodzi ya okosijeni monga heteroatom imakhudzana ndi machitidwe a furan kapena pyran. Ma Alkyl D-glucosides okhala ndi mphete za mamembala asanu amatchedwa alkyl d-glucofuranosides, ndipo omwe ali ndi mphete zisanu ndi chimodzi, alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Mayunitsi onse a D-glucose amawonetsa ntchito ya acetal yomwe atomu yake ya kaboni ndiyo yokhayo yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi maatomu awiri a okosijeni. Izi zimatchedwa anomeric carbon atomu kapena anomeric center. Zomwe zimatchedwa glycosidic chomangira ndi zotsalira za alkili, komanso mgwirizano ndi atomu ya okosijeni ya mphete ya saccharide, zimachokera ku atomu ya carbon anomeric. Poyang'ana pa tcheni cha kaboni, maatomu a kaboni a mayunitsi a D-glucose amawerengedwa mosalekeza (C-1 mpaka C-6) kuyambira ndi atomu ya kaboni ya anomeric. Ma atomu a oxygen amawerengedwa molingana ndi malo awo pa unyolo (O-1 mpaka O-6). Atomu ya kaboni ya anomeric imalowetsedwa m'malo mwa asymmetrically ndipo imatha kupanga masinthidwe awiri osiyana. Ma stereoisomer omwe amabwerawo amatchedwa anomers ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu oyambira α kapena β. Malinga ndi ma nomenclature Conventions anomers akuwonetsa kuti imodzi mwamasinthidwe awiri omwe glycosidic chomangira chimalozera kumanja mu Fischer projekiti ya glucosides. Zosiyana kwambiri ndi anomers.

Mu nomenclature ya carbohydrate chemistry, dzina la alkyl monoglucoside limapangidwa motere: Kusankhidwa kwa zotsalira za alkili, kutchulidwa kwa kasinthidwe ka anomeric, syllable "D-gluc," kutanthauza mawonekedwe a cyclic, ndi kuwonjezera kwa mathero " mbali.” Popeza zochita za mankhwala mu saccharides nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa anomeric mpweya atomu kapena maatomu mpweya wa magulu pulayimale kapena sekondale hydroxyl, kasinthidwe asymmetrical mpweya maatomu si kawirikawiri kusintha, kupatula mu anomeric likulu. Pachifukwa ichi, nomenclature ya alkyl glucosides ndiyothandiza kwambiri, popeza syllable "D-gluc" ya kholo saccharide D-glucose imasungidwa pakachitika mitundu yambiri yamachitidwe ndipo kusintha kwamankhwala kumatha kufotokozedwa ndi ma suffixes.

Ngakhale machitidwe a saccharide nomenclature atha kupangidwa bwino molingana ndi mafotokozedwe a Fischer, ma formula a Haworth okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira amtundu wa kaboni nthawi zambiri amawakonda ngati ma formula amapangidwe a saccharides. Kuyerekeza kwa Haworth kumapereka chithunzithunzi chabwinoko cha mawonekedwe a ma cell a mayunitsi a D-glucose ndipo amakondedwa m'nkhaniyi. M'mapangidwe a Haworth, maatomu a haidrojeni olumikizidwa ndi mphete ya saccharide nthawi zambiri samawonetsedwa.